exhibit
ロンドン五輪開幕を6日後に控えた昨日，国立代々木競技場第二体育館で選手たちの団結式が行われました。以下，JT. online（2012/07/22付）の記事の見出しより抜粋。
Japan captain Murakami calls London Games opportunity to exhibit nation's vitallty
今回の表現はexhibitです。「展示する，陳列する」などの意味で知られますが，他にも「（《かたく》〈特質・感情・能力など〉を示す，表す，発揮する」などの意味でも用いられます（『ウィズダム英和辞典』第2版，三省堂）。今回の見出しでは後者の意味がしっくりきます。“オリンピックの団結式”という正式な場ということもあり，showなどではなく，exhibitという堅い表現を用いているものと思われます。（GP）
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/so20120722a1.html
調査旅行
明日から松江市に調査旅行にまいります。本来なら本日早朝のdepartureを予定していましたが、西日本でゲリラ豪雨があるかもという天気予報に恐れをなし、あっさり延期してしまいました（ホテルの手続きが面倒だったけど）。
（書斎の窓から鉛色の空をみる）
というのも久しぶりに（５月の気仙沼調査旅行以来）、愛車の「F10」を転がして行くからです。でも一挙には走らずに，明日は中間地点のホテルに泊まります。１０年前だったら，９時間くらい（関東〜松江）一挙に駆け抜けることもできましたが、もう無理。
当地では、松江尋常中学校で教鞭を執っていたラフカディオ・ハーン（小泉八雲）の教え子だった大谷正信に関する調査を行います。彼は旧制第四高等学校，広島高等学校で教授を務め、恩師ハーンの作品の翻訳を多数こなした英語・英文学者でしたが，子規派の俳人としても数々の作品を残しています。
と，ここまではよく知られたことですが、その彼が文部省留学生としてロンドン大学（University College London）でDaniel Jonesの音声学を受講し、講義ノートの要約を『英語青年』に連載し、それが「大正英語音声学」ブームの引き金となったことはあまり知られていないのです。今回の研究はもっぱら「音声学伝搬人（？）」としての大谷を探るのが目的です（Minnesotaくん、金曜日は『青年』の、大漁ではない大量のコピーのお手伝い、感謝です！）。
幸い広島におられる「ハーンの会」会員のT先生から有益な情報をふんだんにいただくことができ，手始めの今回はまずは公的機関のみを少しまわろうと思っております。
というわけで一昨日から準備にかかっておりブログもご無沙汰でしたが、ネットであれこれと下調べをしている中で、大谷に（とくに英語音声面で）大きな影響を与えたのはハーンのみならず、松江中学の西田千太郎（文検合格者）もそうだったのではないかなぁという疑問がわいてきました。「今頃，気づくなよ！」と自分に言いたいところですが、まずはとにかく現地に足を運んでこの辺りのことも含めていろいろ漁ってみます！今回は完全につぶやきでした。（UG）
filed
今週号の『週刊新潮』でも報じられているように，新党大地・真民主の鈴木宗男氏が仕掛けました。松山千春氏も「今度は本気みたい」（わかるだろうか〜？）。ちなみに専大出身の堀井学氏も北海道第９区からの出馬を表明しています。
fieldは多義語です。決して「畑」「領域」だけで満足をしないでください。ここは「（プレーヤー）を守備につける」から転じて
「擁立する」という意味です。地盤を守るのは「心友」の松山氏しかいないという意気込みが感じられます。なお，fieldには
「（質問を）うまくさばく，うまく答える」という用法もありましたね。こちらもチェックを。（UG）
Pop singer Chiharu Matsuyama may run for Lower House
Kyodo
Former Diet member Muneo Suzuki said Saturday his New Party Daichi-True Democrats is considering fielding singer-songwriter Chiharu Matsuyama to run in the next Lower House election.
Touching on the possibility that Matsuyama will run in the Hokkaido No. 9 district as a rival to former Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, Suzuki said on TV Tokyo.
"It must be what Mr. Matsuyama wants if he could challenge the former prime minister," Suzuki said.
Hatoyama was unfazed.
"I'll just campaign for the race in my own way whoever the challengers are," he said in Hokkaido. "I have nothing to comment on" regarding a Matsuyama candidacy.
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120722a4.html#.UAuvoRxJ_Ig
strong innings
ダルビッシュ有投手は前回の汚名を挽回する投球を見せてくれました。以前にもふれたような気もしないこともないけど，ここのstrongはどう訳したらいいのかな。A30研究室からは縁遠くなったGPくん，どうでしょうか。（UG）
Darvish has 7 strong innings as Rangers beat Angels 9-2
SPORTS JUL. 22, 2012 - 03:43PM JST ( 0 )OAKLAND, Calif. —
Texas’ Mike Napoli homered twice against his former team as the Rangers beat the Los Angeles Angels 9-2 on Saturday in a clash of the National League West division’s two top teams.
Napoli, Yorvit Torrealba and Adrian Beltre homered during Texas’ five-run second inning, chasing struggling Angels starter Ervin Santana (4-10) after just 13 batters.
Texas starter Yu Darvish (11-6) struck out 11 over seven strong innings as the Rangers opened a six-game lead in the AL West.
electrocution
ゲリラ豪雨は日本だけではありません。北京でも大変なことになっています。
electrocutionはそれぞれの語の成り立ちからその意味が想像できます。「感電死」ですね。（UG）
Beijing chaos after record floods in Chinese capital
Chaos at the capital's Guangqumen overpass as cars are deluged
The heaviest rainfall to hit China's capital Beijing in 60 years has left 10 people dead and stranded thousands at the main airport.
The deluge struck on Saturday afternoon and continued into the night, flooding major roads, state media said.
Roof collapses, lightning strikes and electrocution from downed power lines were among the causes of the deaths.
More than 500 flights were cancelled at the main airport, the Beijing News reported.
State news agency Xinhua said 460mm (18.1 in) fell in Beijing's Fangshan district, with the capital as a whole averaging 170mm.
It said 14,500 people, mostly in outlying districts, had to be evacuated.
"There could be further large-scale storms or extreme weather," the Beijing city government's website said.
Outside the capital, four people died in the northern province of Shanxi when their truck was swept into a river, Xinhua reported.
A further six people were killed by landslides in Sichuan province, in the southwest, the agency said.
drop-off
東北と関東地方ではクマの目撃件数が急激に上昇しているという報道です。
drop-offはPVのdrop offからきた名詞です。「急激な低下，下降」を意味します。単にdropというよりも，offがあることによって急激に落ち込んだ様子が伝わります。記事では見出しのspike（「急激に上昇する」）と対になって使われています。（UG）
Bear sightings spike in Japan's northeast
Bear sightings in the Tohoku and northern Kanto regions have risen sharply this year, due possibly to a lack of food or even territories widened by a drop-off in radiation-scared human visitors to the mountains.
On June 25, what is thought to be an Asian black bear appeared on the grounds of Tozawa Elementary School in Tozawa, Yamagata Prefecture, coming around 70 meters from 14 first-graders outside for gym class. The students were evacuated to a building across the street and there were no injuries. According to Vice Principal Hiroyuki Takahashi, 55, the bear was around 120 cm long and appeared to be excited, scratching the school building with its claws and hitting the glass doors at the entrance. The bear jumped on the hood of a school employee's car and broke a mirror before running back to the mountains.
In another incident on the morning of April 28 in Miyako, Iwate Prefecture, a 56-year-old man working in a field was seriously injured when a bear bit him on the legs and head. In Hirosaki, Aomori Prefecture, in the early morning of June 14, a 70-year-old man collecting bamboo shoots was slightly injured when a bear with a cub scratched him in the face.
According to tallies by prefectural governments and police, May and June bear sightings in inhabited areas have risen sharply since the same time last year, with incidents jumping to 243 from 64 in Miyagi Prefecture, 154 from 133 in Akita Prefecture, 144 from 43 in Yamagata Prefecture, and 132 from 33 in Fukushima Prefecture.
Northern Kanto also saw a sharp increase, with sightings in Gunma Prefecture doubling, and 14 reports made to Tochigi Prefectural Police as against zero last year. Dozens of reports have also been made to municipalities in the prefecture.
http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20120722p2a00m0na011000c.html
antioxidant
白髪は健康のしるしという調査結果が発表されて，話題になっています。ただし，イノシシの毛皮調査からの研究です。
年を取ってくると以下のような用語がやたら気になってきました。そういえば白髪とは関係はないけど，昔，東後勝明先生が講演をされたときに，"A receding hairline is a sign of intelligence."というjokeで「つかみの笑い」をとられていたことをふと思い出しました。（UG）
pheomelaninはフェオメラニン (赤色メラニン色素)のこと。glutathione グルタチオン（動物の肝臓・筋肉などに広く分布し、酸化・還元反応に重要な役割を果たす酵母）
antioxidant 抗酸化剤（これはおなじみでしょう）
oxidative stress 酸化ストレス（抗酸化レベルが通常より低い状態）
Grey hair could be an indicator of good health: Study
Published on Jul 22, 2012
(KOREA HERALD/ASIA NEWS NETWORK) - Greying hair is typically regarded as an indicator of senility, but new study suggested it may actually be a sign of health, according to a report on Livescience.com.
Researchers from Museo Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales in Spain recently found that some wild boars with reddish furs tend to be more vulnerable to cell damage.
Red fur points to abundant pheomelanin, a pigment that produces colour in fur. Scientists found that more pheomelanin boars have, more likely they are to lack glutathione, an antioxidant. Study researcher Ismael Galvan said the lack of antioxide makes the animals more susceptible to oxidative stress.
On the other hand, boars with grey fur have less pheomelanin in their hair, and are comparatively healthier. 'We found that boars showing grey hair were actually those in prime condition and with the lowest levels of oxidative damage,' said Dr Galvan. 'Far from being a sign of age-related decline, hair greying seems to indicate good condition in wild boars.'
http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/ANN/Story/STIStory_824984.html
strong innings（回答）
田邉先生からのご指名質問にお答えします。今回はstrong inningsの意味についてです。
Darvish has 7 strong innings as Rangers beat Angels 9-2
SPORTS JUL. 22, 2012 - 03:43PM JST ( 0 )OAKLAND, Calif. —
Texas’ Mike Napoli homered twice against his former team as the Rangers beat the Los Angeles Angels 9-2 on Saturday in a clash of the National League West division’s two top teams.
Napoli, Yorvit Torrealba and Adrian Beltre homered during Texas’ five-run second inning, chasing struggling Angels starter Ervin Santana (4-10) after just 13 batters.
Texas starter Yu Darvish (11-6) struck out 11 over seven strong innings as the Rangers opened a six-game lead in the AL West.
http://www.japantoday.com/category/sports/view/darvish-has-7-strong-innings-as-rangers-beat-angels-9-2
strongは「強い，強固な，頑丈な」などの意味を想像しますが，野球の「イニング（回）」とは結びついません。辞書を引くと上記の意味の他にも「有力な，すぐれている，得意な」や「（議論・証拠などが）もっともだと思わせる，有力な，効力のある」などと記されています（『新英和中辞典』旺文社）。これらの意味合いから，野球でよく使用される表現を比較すると「（ダルビッシュ投手の実力を見せつけた）圧巻の7イニング」などと訳せるのではないかと思われます。（GP）
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/A30/20120722/1342944052
in one's element
米マサチューセッツ州レノックスにあるタングルウッドはまさに米国クラッシック界の「聖地」です。今年はタングルウッド音楽祭７５周年を記念してさまざまな行事やこれまでの演奏をネット配信する（Web Stream）企画などが用意されています。
なお，小澤征爾氏には長年の功績が認められタングルウッド初となる記念のメダルが授与されました。わたしも一度は行ってみたいと思っています。
in one's elementはイディオムで，"the situation in which you are happiest and most effective"と定義されます（definitions.net）。ここのelementは"a natural habitat, sphere of activity, or environment"という意味で，相当する日本語の言い回しとしては，「水を得た魚」がはまると思います。（Minnesota）
Tanglewood Celebrates 75th With Free Web Stream
July 13, 2012
On July 20, 1958, at Tanglewood — the summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra — pianist Leon Fleisher played an electrifying Brahms First Piano Concerto with the orchestra under its former music director, Pierre Monteux. This remarkable teaming has not been heard since then.
But the BSO has come up with an inspired way to celebrate the 75th anniversary of Tanglewood. Every day for 75 days, through the summer, the BSO is streaming a different historic Tanglewood concert on its website, including this astonishing Brahms, and going even further back to the very first Tanglewood concert, with a Beethoven Fifth Symphony under the leadership of the visionary Serge Koussevitzky on August 5, 1937.
I can't remember when I first started going to Tanglewood. It was certainly before I owned my own car, because I needed someone to give me a ride out to the Berkshires, more than two hours from Boston. Music was only part of the pleasure. The setting is idyllic, and a good picnic out on the lawn could be as enjoyable as the music itself. Of course, the open-air acoustics are not going to compare well to the magnificent sound at Boston's Symphony Hall, and many of the programs simply repeat what has already been performed in Boston. But every now and again, there's something wonderful that Boston can't replicate.
The very best performance I ever heard by Seiji Ozawa was at Tanglewood in 1974: Schoenberg's epic saga Gurrelieder, which almost cries out for an outdoor setting. He led the amazing student orchestra and such legendary artists as soprano Phyllis Curtin and bass-baritone George London. Ozawa was in his element. When he repeated this piece five years later at Symphony Hall, with a different cast, it felt cramped and flat. I'm sorry this isn't one of the downloadable performances, though there's a thrilling version led by James Levine. Not all these past concerts are serious ones. I'd have loved to attend July 13, 1961's BSO Pension Fund Concert, conducted by Danny Kaye, whose conducting adviser was his friend and BSO first violinist Harry Ellis Dixon. I especially love Kaye's deconstruction of Johann Strauss.
http://www.npr.org/2012/07/13/156488910/tanglewood-celebrates-75th-with-free-web-stream
apply a finish
香川真司選手のMan U（これは日本のみの短縮形で，英語では通例 Man Utdです）初先発の試合は，1対1の引き分けに終わりました。
The Japanese international was nonetheless a hit with the people of Cape Town, who produced a carnival atmosphere at Green Point Stadium that was, at times, the equal of many top European grounds. Vuvuzelas were present, of course, but so were many of the songs sung regularly inside Old Trafford. And although the majority of supporters were decked out in the red of United, each of the home side's forward forays was also cheered.
Khama Billiat looked especially lively up front and provided Reds centre-back Scott Wootton with a stern test in the first 45 minutes. Billiat will have been disappointed when he dragged wide in the 20th minute and again later when he passed poorly with Ajax storming down the pitch on the counter-attack.
At the other end, United's only real chance of the first half came on 34 minutes when Hernandez met Wootton's cross with a firm header. But the Mexican could only watch as Ajax goalkeeper (and former Liverpool player) Sander Westerveld dived to his right to push the ball around the post.
Michael Carrick's probing pass rolled agonisingly across the six-yard box just before the interval - neither Hernandez nor Antonio Valencia could apply a finish - but in truth it was the home side who could hold their heads highest as they left the pitch at half-time.
http://www.manutd.com/en/Fixtures-And-Results/Match-Reports/2012/Jul/ajax-cape-town-v-manchester-united-tour-2012-match-report.aspx?pageNo=2
apply a finishは「フィニッシュ（シュート）を決める」ということです。applyは多義語ですが，ここではゴールを決める（finish）ためのパスに触ることができなかった（"to cause to come into contact with" — Collins English Dictionary）ということを表しています。（Sugiuchi）
galvanize
脱原発を訴える「さようなら原発１０万人集会」が１６日、東京都渋谷区の代々木公園で開かれました。作家の大江健三郎さんや音楽家の坂本龍一さんも参加したそうです。
Nuclear fears galvanise usually sedate Japan
Japan’s usually sedate society is angry and getting organized against nuclear power, with the kind of snowballing protest movement not seen for decades.
Weekly demonstrations outside the prime minister’s residence attract tens of thousands of people and a rally in Tokyo’s Yoyogi Park last Monday drew a crowd organizers claimed at 170,000, demanding an end to atomic power in post-Fukushima Japan.
And as numbers swell there are indications the country’s usually inflexible politicians are getting worried and just might start paying attention.
“Before the disaster, I had never thought of taking part in rallies,” said 22-year-old Yusuke Hasunuma, referring to the tsunami-sparked meltdowns at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011.
“But now I find it very exciting. It’s great to take action with other people who feel the same,” said Hasunuma, who has become a regular at the Friday evening protests in Tokyo’s political district.
“No one used to care before (the disaster),” said Masaki Yoshida, a mother-of-three who was forced from her Fukushima home by the radiation-spewing plant. “But people now think keeping their mouth shut means saying ‘yes’ to nuclear power.
http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/nuclear-fears-galvanise-usually-sedate-japan
今回はこの記事の見出しから英語表現を拾います。
galvanize（英国綴りはgalvanise）は「〈人など〉に衝撃を与える」という意味(『ジーニアス英和辞典』、第4版、大修館書店)です。galvanizeはintoと共起して「衝撃を与えて〜させる」という意味もあります。
この動詞を初め見た時、イタリアのようなスペリングだなと感じたので、気になって語源を調べてみると、神経によって筋肉に運ばれる電気流体が筋肉の収縮を起こすということを解明したルイージ・ガルヴァーニ（Luigi Galvani)のgalvanismが語源でした。
ちなみに同じような意味の動詞でstimulateがありますが、LDOCEによると
stimulateは"to encourage someone by making them excited about and interested in something"
galvanizeは"to shock or surprise someone so that they do something to solve a problem, improve a situation"
とそれぞれ定義されているので、galvanizeの方が「人に行動を起こさせる為の刺激」というニュアンスが強いようです。語彙は間違ったインプットをしないようにしっかりチェックして覚えて行きたいと思います。(EnDough)
