silent vigil 復習
silent vigil
５８人が亡くなった御嶽山の噴火災害の遺族らが２４日、９合目付近まで慰霊登山
をし、被害者に祈りをささげました。
Silent vigil honors victims of 2014 eruption of Mt. Ontakesan
Twenty-five people climbed to the ninth station of Mount Ontakesan on July 24 to offer a silent prayer to the hikers who were killed in the 2014 eruption of the volcano.
Fifty-eight people were killed when the mountain, which straddles Gifu and Nagano prefectures in central Japan, erupted on Sept. 27, 2014. Five remain unaccounted for.
Masako Asai, 56, from Nagoya, made the trek to honor her eldest son, Yusuke, then 23. She carried along with her a photograph of him that she displays at home as well as his favorite baseball.
“Yesterday, when I was looking at this photo, I felt as if my son was saying, ‘I want to go with you,’" Asai said. "His kindness and thoughtfulness can be seen through his expression.”
As the clouds broke near Ninoike Lake, which offers close-up views of the peak, the 25 mourners made up of 10 groups observed a moment of silence at 11:52 a.m., the same time that the eruption occurred.
The vigil was organized by Yamabiko no Kai, a group made up of family members of the victims, after restrictions were eased in late June to allow further access to the summit.
Entry to the ninth station was allowed in September 2015, and restrictions were further eased to allow trekkers to walk from the Kurosawa-guch trail from the Nagano side of the mountain to the Gifu side via Ninoike Lake.
http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201607250047.html
今回取り上げる表現は、見出しにある“silent vigil”です。“vigil”を『ウィズダム英和辞典』(第３版、三省堂)で引いたところ、「(看病・見張りなどでの)徹夜、寝ずの番；(祈り・抗議などでの)徹夜；通夜；徹夜の期間」とありました。
LDOCEでは、“a period of time, especially during the night, when you stay awake in order to pray, remain with someone who is ill, or watch for danger”と定義されていました。
記事が載っていたサイトの写真なども考慮すると、“silent vigil”で「黙祷」を表現しているのではないかと思います。
海外で“vigil”というと、“candlelight vigil”が有名なようです。日没後に野外でろうそくを持参し、災害や虐殺などで亡くなった方の冥福を祈るために行われます。(Blue Sky)
今回の“vigil”は以前にも取り上げられておりますので、ご覧ください。
blister 復習
アメリカ大統領選挙民主党の党大会が日本時間２６日，ペンシルベニア州フィラデルフィアで始まります。会場周辺では予備選挙でクリントン氏と指名を争ったサンダース上院議員をいまだに支持する人々が連日，デモや集会を行っているようです。
Diehard Sanders backers descend on Democratic convention vowing 'Bernie or Bust'
They answered Bernie's call for a political revolution and they are carrying their unwavering support for him to the Democratic convention in Philadelphia this week. Some are even carrying it by foot.
A diehard group of a dozen Bernie Sanders supporters set off on the longest walk of their lives on July 15 from Washington, D.C., to Philadelphia.
"They were awful blisters," John Friedrich said, describing the painful welts he quickly acquired thanks to a pair of shoes that were definitely not designed for walking more than 200 kilometres.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/bernie-sanders-democratic-convention-1.3687433
ここで取り上げる表現は，“blister”です。これは，以前ブログに何度か取り上げられており，「（手足の）まめ」や「水ぶくれ」といった意味があります。しかし，この記事では，異なる意味として用いられております。
ほかには，どのような意味があるのか調べてみました。すると，Dictionary.comに，動詞ですが，“to criticize or rebuke severely”と記載されていました。今回の場合，名詞としての意味で用いられています。記事を見てみると，会場周辺でデモや集会を行っている人へ向けた言葉であるため，「抗議者」や「訴える人」などとなるのではないでしょうか。(Nao)
blister 復習 - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
blister 復習 - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
blistering pace - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
put one’s thumb on
米民主党全国大会に際し, 不正疑惑が浮上していたことを受け, デビー・ワッサーマンシュルツ委員長は辞任する意向を表明しました。
Wasserman Schultz to Step Down as Democratic National Committee Chair
On the eve of the 2016 Democratic National Convention, Debbie Wasserman Schultz announced she would resign as Democratic National Committee chair at the end of the convention.
In a statement laying out the goals of this election cycle she wrote: "The best way for me to accomplish those goals is to step down as Party Chair at the end of this convention. As Party Chair, this week I will open and close the Convention and I will address our delegates about the stakes involved in this election not only for Democrats, but for all Americans."
Her announcement comes amid the release of internal DNC emails by Wikileaks that appear to show the inner workings of the Democratic Party and what seems to be party officials attempting to aid the Hillary Clinton campaign during the primaries.
中略
During the primary battle, Sanders and his supporters accused both the party and Wasserman Schultz of putting their thumb on the scale for Clinton and these emails may indicate support for those allegations. Sanders called for Wasserman Schultz to step down.
以下省略
本日気になった表現は “putting their thumb on” です。
『リーダーズ英和中辞典』(研究社)で調べると, “put [lay] one’s [a] finger on” で「<問題点・原因など>をはっきりと指摘する」とありました。
Oxford-Dictionaries.comには “identify something exactly” と定義され, “He cannot put his finger on what has gone wrong.” という例が挙げられています。
今回の表現に “finger” を用いた場合と, “thumb” を用いた場合の違いが気になり, 上記の辞典で他の熟語表現を確認したところ, どちらも同義を示すということがわかりました。(Cayu)
本日の表現に関連した記事が取り上げられていました。
ご指名質問 夏#1 Green fingers - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
ご指名質問 夏#1 Green fingersに挑戦 - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
point the finger at - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
pointing fingers directly at #2 - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
gain ground 復習
アメリカのワッサーマン・シュルツは、Democratic National Committee(民主党全国委員会)の委員長を辞任することを表明しました。
Wasserman Schultz to Step Down as Democratic National Committee Chair
On the eve of the 2016 Democratic National Convention, Debbie Wasserman Schultz announced she would resign as Democratic National Committee chair at the end of the convention.
In a statement laying out the goals of this election cycle she wrote: "The best way for me to accomplish those goals is to step down as Party Chair at the end of this convention. As Party Chair, this week I will open and close the Convention and I will address our delegates about the stakes involved in this election not only for Democrats, but for all Americans."
Her announcement comes amid the release of internal DNC emails by Wikileaks that appear to show the inner workings of the Democratic Party and what seems to be party officials attempting to aid the Hillary Clinton campaign during the primaries.
Several of the emails released indicated that the officials, including Wasserman Schultz, grew increasingly agitated with Clinton's rival, Bernie Sanders, and his campaign as the primary season advanced, in one instance even floating bringing up Sanders' religion to try and minimize his support.
During the primary battle, Sanders and his supporters accused both the party and Wasserman Schultz of putting their thumb on the scale for Clinton and these emails may indicate support for those allegations. Sanders called for Wasserman Schultz to step down.
But as recently as Saturday, Wasserman Schultz campaigned with Clinton in Florida, speaking at Clinton's Miami event with her new running mate Sen. Tim Kaine, himself a former DNC chair.
In a statement on Sunday, Clinton called Wasserman Schultz a "longtime friend."
"I am grateful to Debbie for getting the Democratic Party to this year's historic convention in Philadelphia, and I know that this week's events will be a success thanks to her hard work and leadership," Clinton said. "There's simply no one better at taking the fight to the Republicans than Debbie."
She said Wasserman Schultz has agreed to serve as honorary chair of her campaign's "50-state program to gain ground and elect Democrats in every part of the country, and will continue to serve as a surrogate for my campaign nationally, in Florida, and in other key states."
President Obama also released a statement praising the departing chairwoman.
"For the last eight years, Chairwoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz has had my back. This afternoon, I called her to let her know that I am grateful. Her leadership of the DNC has meant that we had someone who brought Democrats together not just for my re-election campaign, but for accomplishing the shared goals we have had for our country," he said.
Obama added: "We know she will continue to serve our country as a member of Congress from Florida and she will always be our dear friend."
記事の中で気になった表現は"gain ground"です。
LDOCEで調べてみると、"to become more successful"や
"if an idea, belief etc gains ground, more people start to accept it"や
"to get closer to someone or something that you are competing with"といった意味がありました。
『ジーニアス英和辞典』第4版(大修館)でしらべてみると、1.「成功する、進歩する」2.「支持(人気)を得る」3.「前進する、敵を後退させる、…に追いつく」などの意味がありました。
ここでは「支持を得る」という意味で使われています。
委員長は通常、候補者指名争いなど、中立の立場で仕切らなければならないが、ワッサーマン シュルツ氏はクリントン氏を支援していたため、辞任に至りました。(Akim)
succinct 復習
スヌーピーがお好きな方は訪れてみてはいかがでしょうか。
Let's go to the museum / Museum ‘like a dream world’ for Snoopy fans
Snoopy is one of the world’s best-known characters. The Snoopy Museum Tokyo exhibits original drawings and precious vintage items related to the beloved cartoon dog.
The first thing to attract visitors’ attention upon entering the about 1,500-square-meter facility used exclusively for the exhibition is a wall 9.7 meters wide and 3.8 meters high, on which Snoopy and owner Charlie Brown are drawn. Next to the wall, photos and artwork displayed in chronological order relate the life story of cartoonist Charles Schulz (1922-2000).
A total of 60 original drawings by Schulz are exhibited on the wall and in showcases. Commentaries on Snoopy’s appeal by famous personalities, including former AKB 48 member Atsuko Maeda and poet Shuntaro Tanikawa, are also exhibited.
Novelist Banana Yoshimoto, for example, reminisces on the final installment of “Peanuts,” in which Snoopy is the protagonist. She expresses her affection for Schulz’s short sentences in this episode, which she finds brimming with emotion — especially his succinct line “I am announcing my retirement.”
以下省略
http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0003055010
今回取り上げるのはsuccinctです。『ライトハウス英和辞典』（第5版 研究社）で調べてみますと、形容詞で「（よい意味で）（ことばが）簡潔な、簡明な」という意味があることがわかりました。LDOCEには “clearly expressed in a few words - use this to show approval [= concise]” とありました。 “in a few words” という部分から、簡潔に説明するにはどれくらいの語数がよいのかがわかります。
この表現は過去にも取り上げられておりました。そのときのものを見てみますと、反対の意味を表す言葉としてwordyやlong-windedという言葉が取り上げられておりました。(aqua)
homespun 復習
先月起きたオーランドでの銃乱射事件に続いて、フロリダ州のナイトクラブで銃撃があり、2人が亡くなり、14人が負傷した事件の記事から取り上げます。
Shooting at Nightclub in Fort Myers, Florida, Leaves 2 Teenagers Dead
MYERS, Fla. — Two teenagers were killed and at least 16 others were wounded in a shooting early Monday at a nightclub here that had been hosting a party for young people, the authorities said.
（中略）
“We are deeply sorry for all involved,” the statement said. “We tried to give the teens what we thought was a safe place to have a good time.”
It added, “It was not kids at the party that did this despicable act.”
The nightclub cultivated an image that often veered from homespun to risqué.
“homespun”を取りあげます。日本語でもホームスパン「手織りもの」という意味で使われているようですが、ここではもう１つの意味として、『ジーニアス英和辞典』では「(考えなどが)ありふれた」とありました。LDOCEでは“homespun ideas are simple and ordinary”と定義されていました。以上のことから「想定して一般的に考えられること」と訳すことができるかと思いました。(lua)
stabbing spree 復習
今朝, 相模原市の福祉施設で, 入所者が殺傷される事件が起きました。
Japan knife attack: 15 reportedly dead
(CNN)Japanese police have arrested a man in connection with a deadly stabbing spree at a facility for the disabled, west of Tokyo, according to Japanese state broadcaster NHK.
The report, citing police, said 15 people are confirmed dead and 45 injured in Sagamihara.
Police said they received a call from an employee of the facility reporting the attack about 2:30 a.m. (1:30 p.m. ET) Tuesday, according to NHK.
About 30 minutes later, a man believed to be in his 20s turned himself in at the Sagamihara police station, according to the report. He allegedly told police that he was a former employee of the facility.
http://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/25/world/japan-knife-attack-deaths/index.html
今朝、取り上げる表現は, stabbing spree です。
『ジーニアス英和辞典』第4版(大修館)で調べてみると、"stabbing"は「刺すような痛み」とあり、"spree"には「犯罪行為」と記されていました。
つまり今回は, 「無差別殺傷事件」となります。(Cayu+Akim)
crime spree - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
PS 今朝の裏ゼミではこの日本犯罪史上希有な事件が扱われました。
turn oneself inとown up to 復習
すでにブログで採り上げられていますので復習程度にですが，今朝方に起きた神奈川県相模原市の障害者福祉施設の入居者数十人が刺された事件から英語表現を拾います。記事はJT Onlineからの引用です。
turn A inは「【警察などに】A〈人違法な所有物など〉を引き渡す, 届け出る」（『プログレッシブ英和中辞典』小学館）という意味。よって本文のturn oneself inは「自首する」を意味します。またown up toは「(あっさり)白状する, 認める」（『プログレッシブ英和中辞典』同上）という意味です。以下，過去の記事も参考にしてみてください。（Koyamamoto）
cf. http://d.hatena.ne.jp/A30/20141202/1417518216
cf. http://d.hatena.ne.jp/A30/20120503/1336035614
Man fatally stabs 15, wounds 45 in predawn attack at Kanagawa care facility, is arrested
A 26-year-old man was arrested Tuesday morning after fatally stabbing 15 people and wounding 45 others at a facility for people with disabilities in Kanagawa Prefecture, NHK reported.
The knife-wielding man carried out the attack at Tsukui Yamayuri-en, a facility for the disabled in Sagamihara, shortly after 2:30 a.m. Tuesday, local police were quoted as saying.
Kanagawa police said they arrested a man identified as Satoshi Uematsu, 26, when he turned himself in at the Tsukui Police Station at around 3 a.m. and owned up to the attack. He is reportedly being held on initial suspicion of attempted murder. The suspect said he used to work at the facility, the police said.
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/07/26/national/crime-legal/man-arrested-fatally-stabbing-15-people-wounding-45-kanagawa-facility-disabled-nhk/#.V5ajhBTEMmF
No motive has been established yet.
きょう未明、相模原市の障害者施設で19人が心肺停止、20人が重傷、その他複数人が負傷した殺傷事件が発生しました。
Japan Sagamihara knife attack: At least 19 dead, reports say
At least 19 people have been killed in a knife attack at a residential care centre for the disabled in the Japanese city of Sagamihara.
The attack happened in the early hours of Tuesday. Another 45 people were reportedly injured, 18 seriously.
Local police have arrested a male suspect after he turned himself in.
The man is said to be aged 26, and is a former employee at the the Tsukui Yamayuri Garden facility, 40km (25 miles) south-west of Tokyo.
He reportedly went into a police station and said "I did it". No motive has been established yet.
Details are still emerging about the incident, but the death toll makes it the worst mass stabbing in Japan in recent years.
In 2008, a man drove a truck into a packed shopping district at Akihabara in Tokyo, before climbing out and randomly stabbing people. Seven people died.
The attack occurred on the same date that a man with a history of mental illness stabbed eight children to death at an Osaka primary school in 2001.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36890655
記事の中に"No motive has been established yet."という文があり、これは「犯罪の動機がまだ解明されていない。」などと解釈することができます。英語では"establish"を用いて「動機を打ち立てる」というような考え方をするようです。
確認のために、LDOCEを引いてみたところ、"to find out facts that will prove that something is true"とありました。
現在は取り調べにより動機が明らかになり、施設を首になった腹いせにやったとのことです。これから詳しい捜査が行われます。
(Blue Sky)
stop short of #3
ロシアのリオ五輪への参加をめぐる問題で、IOCは競技ごとの国際連盟に判断をゆだねることを決定しました。
IOC leaders stop short of complete ban on Russians from Rio
LAUSANNE, Switzerland (AP) -- Rejecting calls by anti-doping officials for a complete ban on Russia, Olympic leaders on Sunday gave individual global sports federations the task of deciding which athletes should be cleared to compete in next month's Rio de Janeiro Games.
Citing the need to protect the rights of individual athletes, the International Olympic Committee decided against taking the unprecedented step of excluding Russia's entire team over allegations of state-sponsored doping. Instead, the IOC left it to 27 sports federations to make the call on a case-by-case basis.
http://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20160725/p2g/00m/0sp/001000c
今回取り上げるのは、“stop short of”という表現です。この表現をOxford Dictionaries. comで調べてみると、“Not go as far as (some extreme action)”と定義されていました。また『ジーニアス英和辞典』(大修館書店)では、「〔〜を〕思いとどまる、突然止まる、〔〜の〕手前で止まる」などと記載されていました。“short”は副詞で「急に、不意に」といった意味を表すため、“stop short of”で上記のような意味になると考えられます。
したがって、この記事では「(リオ五輪開幕を目前に)IOCはロシアに対する全面的な参加禁止処分を見送った」などと表せます。(ninetails)
inner workings 復習
アメリカの党全国委員会のワッサーマンシュルツ氏が、党大会終了とともに辞任することを発表しました。
Wasserman Schultz to Step Down as Democratic National Committee Chair
On the eve of the 2016 Democratic National Convention, Debbie Wasserman Schultz announced she would resign as Democratic National Committee chair at the end of the convention.
In a statement laying out the goals of this election cycle she wrote: "The best way for me to accomplish those goals is to step down as Party Chair at the end of this convention. As Party Chair, this week I will open and close the Convention and I will address our delegates about the stakes involved in this election not only for Democrats, but for all Americans."
Her announcement comes amid the release of internal DNC emails by Wikileaks that appear to show the inner workings of the Democratic Party and what seems to be party officials attempting to aid the Hillary Clinton campaign during the primaries.
Several of the emails released indicated that the officials, including Wasserman Schultz, grew increasingly agitated with Clinton's rival, Bernie Sanders, and his campaign as the primary season advanced, in one instance even floating bringing up Sanders' religion to try and minimize his support.
今回取り上げるのはinner workingsです。
innerは形容詞で「内部の、（権力の）中心に近い」、workingsは名詞で「動き方、仕組み」となりますが、ここではどういった意味でつかわれているのでしょうか。
告発サイト、ウィキリークスが公開したメールの内容は党全国委員会党幹部たちが、サンダース氏が選挙で不利になるように仕掛けようとしていたとみられるものでした。本来なら、ヒラリー氏とサンダース氏の両者に対して平等な立場でなければなりません。このことから、“inner workings”は「民主党内部の不信な動き」を表しているように思われます。
また、先輩方の過去の記事で“inner circle”で「組織・集団内の支配的グループ」という意味があることが分かりました。(flyingbird)
a member of his inner circle - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
colorectal #2
世界各国の身長を調査した研究が公開されました。この調査は，1914年から実施されております。調査の結果，世界で最も平均身長が高いのはオランダの男性183cmです。反対に最も身長が低いのはグアテマラの女性140cmというものでした。
記事の中で気になった単語は"colorectal"です。Oxford Dictionariesには"Relating to or affecting the colon and the rectum"と定義されております。"colon"は，「｟解剖｠ 結腸」，"rectum"は「｟医｠ 直腸」という言意味です(『Wisdom英和辞典第三版』(第三版))。身長を決める要因の多くは外部環境であり，DNAは外部環境よりは身長に影響を及ぼさないようです。その証拠に，韓国では1914年と2014年を比べて20cm以上も女性の平均身長が高くなっております。たかが100年ほどでDNAが変化することはないと専門家は指摘しております。(Ume)
Dutch men revealed as world's tallest
Lead scientist Majid Ezzati, also from Imperial, told BBC News: "About a third of the explanation could be genes, but that doesn't explain the change over time. Genes don't change that fast and they don't vary that much across the world. So changes over time and variations across the world are largely environmental. That's at the whole population level versus for any individual whose genes clearly matter a lot."
Good standards of healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition were the key drivers, he said. Also important is the mother's health and nutrition during pregnancy.
Other research has shown that height is correlated with both positive outcomes and a few negative ones.
Tall people tend to have a longer life expectancy, with a reduced risk of heart disease. On the other hand, there is some evidence that they are at greater risk of certain cancers, such as colorectal, postmenopausal breast and ovarian cancers.
