flesh-eating
リオ五輪開幕まで, あと少しとなりました。水上競技が行われるグアナバラ湾では, 水質汚染による細菌感染が懸念されています。
German sailors downplay Rio water health risk
Reuters
RIO DE JANEIRO (Reuters) — German Olympic sailors, one of whom was infected last year by a flesh-eating bacteria after a test run in Rio de Janeiro’s sewage-tainted Guanabara Bay, said this week they are less worried about health risks than racing effectively in shifty winds and wild currents while avoiding floating debris.
Three weeks before the start of racing at the Rio Olympics, three top medal prospects from the highly ranked German sailing team told Reuters on Tuesday that plastic bags and bottles, floating logs, the occasional dead dog and other flotsam will make what is already one of the most challenging Olympic sailing venues even harder.
The sailors said those factors will affect their performance on the “playground,” as the Germans call the race course, more than the presence of disease-causing pathogens at Rio water-sports venues, the focus of much pre-Olympic concern.
“I think we do not care too much about the health issues,” said Erik Heil, skipper of Germany’s Olympic entry into the 49er two-man skiff class.
以下省略
http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0003078068
本日取り上げる表現は “flesh-eating” です。
『新英和大辞典』(第五版, 研究社)を調べると, 「肉食性の(carnivorous)」とありました。Oxford-Dictionaries.com には “(of a disease or microorganism) destructive to body tissue” と定義されています。
つまり, 今回の “flesh-eating bacteria” は, 人体の組織にダメージを与えるバクテリアを表していることがわかります。
“flesh-eating” は, 体の細胞を壊死させる病原体や微生物だけでなく, 肉食性の動植物やゾンビのような人喰い怪物を指す場合にも用いられるようです。(Cayu)
shove under the rug
CBCNewsから記事を取り上げます。こころの病気をより多くの人に知ってもらうキャンペーンを行いました。“Convo Plate”と呼ばれるお皿にメッセージを書いて，それを人に回して認知してもらうという活動内容です。
Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield. The premier of Ontario. Margaret Trudeau. Retired Lieutenant-General Roméo Dallaire.
Those are just some of the notable Canadians who have already held a "Convo Plate" — a new mental health initiative started by an Ottawa woman and her father, in memory of the 18-year-old brother and son they lost to suicide in 2010.
Mental health was 'shoved under the rug'
Paul Hansell was Jolene's only sibling, and she said she still feels "an amazing bond that will always be a part of me."
"I think that he'd be proud that it's a conversation that we're having...[Mental wellness] is something that we didn't talk about when we were growing up," Hansell told CBC News from her home in Ottawa.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/mental-health-convo-plates-spread-1.3680132
注目する表現は，“shove under the rug”です。これを直訳すると，「じゅうたんの下に押し入れる」となりますが，どのような意味でしょうか。調べていく中で，“sweep [brush] under the rug [carpet]”という表現を発見しました。これは，「〈恥になること〉を隠す，足元をすくう」という意味があります。これらと文脈から，取り上げた“shove under the rug”は，同様の意味であります。この記事では，「こころの病を隠していた」と書かれています。
また，“sweep [brush] under the rug”は，以前ブログに取り上げられていました。(Nao)
armpit 復習
夏の暑い日に大活躍するかもしれません。
Who Needs Deodorant When You Have a Japanese Armpit Fan?
With summers getting hotter every year, keeping your armpits dry is quite the challenge. While many of use still rely on deodorants, the quirky Japanese have come up with a high-tech alternative worthy of their reputation for crazy inventions – clip-on armpit fans.
Developed by Japanese gadget maker Thanko, the Waki no Shita Kura (Japanese for Under the Armpit Cooling Device) is a small fan that clips to your sleeve to deliver cooling blasts of air to your armpits. The device is powered by three AAA batteries and can keep your armpits nice and dry for five to nine hours, depending on which of the three speeds you use. If you want to stay cool for longer you can connect the fan to your PC or a separately purchased battery pack with the included micro USB cable. Thanko claims the armpit fans are very light (30g/1 oz) and silent enough to use even in a crowded, so you shouldn’t have to worry about attracting unwanted attention with your buzzing armpits. The fan is also very small (60 x 65 x 15mm) and thanks to the clip-on design it can also cool your chest area: just clip it to the front of your shirt and it will keep your torso and neck dry.
（以下省略）
http://www.odditycentral.com/funny/who-needs-deodorant-when-you-have-a-japanese-armpit-fan.html
今回取り上げる単語はarmpitです。「脇の下」という意味だと思うのですが、今まで知らなかったので念のため調べてみることにしました。
Oxford Dictionary of English (Second Edition Reserved, Oxford University Press)によると、 “a hollow under the arm at the shoulder”とのことでした。
『ジーニアス英和辞典』（第五版，大修館）で調べたところ、「わきの下」の他にもアメリカ英語で「不快な[汚い]場所」という意味があることが分かりました。
少し話がそれてしまうのですが、「みぞおち」のことを英語でpitを使って表現していたことを思い出したので同じ辞書で調べてみると、 “the pit of one’s stomach”で「みぞおちのあたり」と載っておりました。(Gomez)
tearing through the crowd
フランス南東部の都市ニースで革命記念日の祭りでにぎわう見物客の中にトラックが突っ込み、少なくとも80人が死亡、100人以上が負傷するという大きな事件となっています。
Scores Reported Dead in Nice, France, as Truck Plows Into Bastille Day Crowd
PARIS — A Bastille Day fireworks celebration was shattered by death and mayhem Thursday night in France’s southern city of Nice when a large truck barreled through an enormous crowd of spectators, crushing and maiming dozens — eight months after the Paris attacksthat traumatized the nation and all of Europe.
Officials and witnesses in Nice said at least 77 people were killed by the driver of the rampaging truck, who was shot to death by the police as officers scrambled to respond on what is France’s most important annual holiday. Graphic television and video images showed the truck accelerating and tearing through the crowd, and the bullet-riddled windshield of the vehicle, which the mayor described as full of weapons and grenades.
http://mobile.nytimes.com/2016/07/15/world/europe/nice-france-truck-bastille-day.html?referer=
“tearing through the crowd” を取り上げます。動詞 tear /téɚ/ は「引き裂く」のが原義で、ここではthroughという副詞が続いているので「猛烈な勢いで駆ける」という意味があることから「人を猛烈な勢いで引き倒す」という意味になるかと思いました。LDOCEでは“to run or drive somewhere very quickly, especially in a dangerous or careless way”と定義があり、一瞬のうちに車が入ってきたニュアンスが感じられました。(lua)
mowing
フランス南部ニースで起きたトラック突入テロはテレビのニュース番組や新聞で多く取り上げられています。
Screams, flying debris as truck plows into Nice crowd
NICE, France (AFP-Jiji) — Terrified revelers screamed as a truck careered into a crowd of fireworks spectators in Nice, turning Bastille Day celebrations into a night of horror.
AFP correspondent Robert Holloway was among the crowds celebrating France’s national day on Nice’s Promenade des Anglais when the nightmare began.
He had to shield his face from flying debris as the truck plunged two kilometers along the palm-fringed beachfront, mowing people down in its wake.
http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0003081196
“mowing” /máʊɪŋ/を取り上げます。『ジーニアス英和辞典』によると「草や芝生を刈り取る」という意味がありますが、“mow down” で「(機関銃・砲火などで)大量殺戮する」「車などで(人を)はねる, はね殺す」という意味がありました。LDOCEでは “to kill large numbers of people at the same time, especially by shooting them”と“to kill someone by driving into them fast”とあり、今回の事件はトラックで人をひいたり、銃も使用して人を射殺したりしたため２つの意味が含まれていることがわかりました。(lua)
Bastille Day
フランスの革命記念日についての記事からです。
New York Today: Celebrating Bastille Day
Good morning on this thunder-ready Thursday.
It’s Bastille Day.
The holiday commemorates the storming of a French prison in 1789.
Here in New York, we’ve always had strong ties to the French people.
French Huguenots formed the Huguenot Society here in 1658, and were among the earliest settlers of New York.
New Yorkers, still feeling the glow from a revolution of their own, even cheered on the sacking of the Bastille.
A sizable French quarter, stocked with absinthe, pommes frites and — what else — wine, existed south of Washington Square in the late 1800s.
Bastille Day has been celebrated in New York almost every year that France has been a republic, said Nathan Perl-Rosenthal, a professor of history at the University of Southern California.
“Especially by working-class and radical New Yorkers, who wanted to advance egalitarian ideals they saw embodied in revolutionary France,” he said.
今回取り上げる表現は、"Bastille Day" /bǽstɪl deɪ/です。
文脈からも、「フランス革命記念日」と分かりますが『ジーニアス英和辞典』第4版(大修館)で"bastille"を調べてみると、名詞で1.「(フランス史)バスチーユ監獄」2.「(一般的に)牢獄」動詞で「…を牢獄に入れる(imprison)」とあり、さらに、"the Bastille Day"で「バスチーユの日、フランス革命記念日(7月14日;1789年のこの日のバスチーユ監獄襲撃でフランス革命が始まった)」とありました。
因みに、コトバンクによると、バスチーユは、中世フランスの城塞で、百年戦争の際にパリ防衛のためにサンタントワーヌ郊外に築かれたものです。
worrisome
ブラジルは，リオオリンピックに備えて，セキュリティ体制を見直すことを決めました。フランス・ニースで発生したテロ事件に触発されたためです。オリンピックには，外国人が約50万人訪れると推計されており，安全体制を強化する必要が大きいと考えたのだと思います。
記事の中で気になった単語は"worrisome"です。『Wisdom英和辞典第三版』（三省堂）で調べると「<物事が> やっかいな, 面倒な, 気がかりな, <人が> くよくよする, 苦労性の」などという意味がありました。Oxford Dictionaries.comには"Causing anxiety or concern"と定義されております。リオの市長は安全体制に関する権限移譲が強化されたと述べております。オリンピック開催まで残り1ヶ月を切っておりますが，安全に運営して欲しいと思いました。（Ume）
Brazil reviews security measures ahead of Rio Olympics
The review follows the attack in the French city of Nice on 14 July which left at least 84 people dead.
The government said that the measures may make attending the games less comfortable for visitors but they would result in greater security.
The Games are expected to attract as many as 500,000 foreign visitors.
"The attack in Nice is worrisome for us too. We will review procedures, make more barriers, more spot-checks on visitors and roadblocks", said Defence Minister Raul Jungmann.
The authorities had previously declared public holidays and banned trucks from certain areas of Rio during the Olympics to ease congestion and improve emergency response capabilities.
madcap
アメリカの大統領選において共和党の候補となる見通しのドナルド・トランプ氏ですが、ニースで起こったトラックの事件を受けて副大統領候補の発表を延期しました。
Donald Trump Postpones Naming Running Mate
Donald J. Trump’s presidential campaign signaled strongly on Thursday that he would name Gov. Mike Pence of Indiana as his running mate, but abruptly postponed a long-planned unveiling of the Republican ticket after an attack that left dozens dead in France.
Mr. Trump said on Twitter that he was delaying his announcement after the “horrible attack” in Nice. He did not specify when the event would go forward.
Before the attack in southern France, Mr. Pence, a mild-mannered Midwesterner popular with conservatives and evangelical Christians, appeared to be all but locked in as the Republican nominee for vice president — the last man standing after a madcap selection process unlike any in recent presidential politics.
But a certain resolution to the process remained elusive after several days of unusually frenzied and public deliberations by Mr. Trump and his family, as well as extraordinarily overt campaigning for the job by several potential running mates. After huddling with Mr. Pence in Indiana, flying multiple other candidates to Indianapolis for last-minute interviews, hinting to party leaders that his decision had been made and then frantically denying it to the news media, Mr. Trump delayed his decision entirely.
In a television interview, Mr. Trump insisted that he had not settled on a running mate yet. “I haven’t made my final, final decision,” he told Fox News, speaking by telephone.
Against a backdrop of images from Nice, Mr. Trump repeatedly described himself as the “law-and-order candidate” in the presidential race.
Mr. Trump’s advisers told national Republican officials that they were preparing to make an announcement with Mr. Pence, and people close to Mr. Pence notified his political allies that they expected him to be chosen, according to numerous people with knowledge of the conversations, who were not authorized to discuss them publicly.
今回取り上げるのは “a madcap selection process” です。madcap を『ライトハウス英和辞典』（第5版 研究社）で調べてみますと、形容詞で「（普通は限定）（略式）向こう見ずな」という意味があることがわかりました。次にLDOCEで調べてみますと、 “a madcap idea seems crazy and unlikely to succeed” とありました。crazyという語が入っていますので、普通ではないという感覚が含まれているようです。 “selection process” はマイク・ペンス知事が副大統領候補として選ばれるまでの過程のことをさしていると思われます。（aqua）
plow into 復習
フランス南部のニースで現地時間１４日深夜、革命記念日を祝う花火大会に集まっていた群衆に大型トラックが突っ込み、約２キロにわたって暴走しました。
Truck Plows Into Crowd in Nice, France
PARIS — A truck plowed into a large crowd watching the annual Bastille Day fireworks on the promenade in Nice, France, on Thursday night, and witnesses reported hearing gunshots.
Christian Estrosi, the deputy mayor of Nice, said that more than 70 people had been killed. “The truck was full of weapons and grenades,” Mr. Estrosi said on French television. It was not clear what motivated the driver to veer into the crowd.
Officials asked people to stay indoors.
Conflicting accounts of the deaths and injuries emerged from multiple sources after the episode, with many reporting high numbers of casualties.
The sub-prefect of the Alpes-Maritimes department, Sébastien Humbert, told the French network BFMTV: “There are several dozen dead. The total is very high, thirty dead. Maybe 100 wounded. There was a truck that drove into the crowd, over a very long distance. There were shots. The driver was shot. This is on a big scale.”
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/15/world/europe/nice-france-truck-bastille-day.html
今回取り上げる表現は、“plow into”です。『ウィズダム英和辞典』(第３版、三省堂)鵜を引いたところ、“plow into A”で「(制御不能のため)〈車などが〉A〈物・人〉にぶち当たる、突っ込む」とありました。
Macmillan Dictionary.comでは、“plow into someone/something to crash into someone or something with force, especially because you are moving or driving too quickly or in a careless or uncontrolled way”と定義していました。
“plow”の原義は「耕地」です。ここから名詞的用法の第１義には「(耕作のためのトラクター・牛馬などに付ける)すき、すきのような器具；除雪車」という意味があります(『ウィズダム英和辞典』)。また、動詞として用いた場合に、「耕す」や「除雪する」という意味があります。その行為を想像すればわかるように、「かき分けて進む」というニュアンスが“plow”には含まれています。今回のテロではトラックが人ごみに突っ込み約２キロも走りました。“plow into”を使い、人をかき分けながら走ったという場景を如実に表現しているのだと思います。(Blue Sky)
以前にも複数回取り上げられておりましたので、ご覧ください。
plow into - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
plow into - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
eye-popping #2
LINEがニューヨーク証券取引所で株価を上場しました。
Line shares skyrockets in IPO
TOKYO (AFP-Jiji) Messaging app Line rocketed in its Tokyo trading debut Friday after an eye-popping jump in New York, as investors cheered the year’s biggest technology share sale.
The newly listed stock closed at \4,345 ($41), up 32 percent from its initial public offering price of \3,300, and valuing the firm at around $8.6 billion.
The surge followed Japan-based Line new shares roaring to life in New York, where they kicked off trading Thursday after the $1.3 billion IPO.
The sizzling dual-listing suggested investors are betting Line can hold its own in a field crowded with mobile messaging services such as Facebook Messenger, WeChat and WhatsApp.
http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0003081538
今回取り上げるのはeye-poppingです。
Oxford dictionaries.com.で調べると“Astonishing or strikingly impressive”と定義されていました。『ジーニアス英和辞典』（第五版、大修館書店）では「（略式）値段などが目の飛び出るような」とあり、驚いた時のリアクションを表すようです。
同上英和辞書で、popをひくと自動詞で「（驚き・恐怖などで）目玉が飛び出そうになる」とありました。
“eye-popping jump”で「驚くべき急上昇」となるかと思います。
アメリカではまだ知名度は低いのに、公開価格を大きく上回ったことからこのような表現が使われていると思われます。(flyingbird)
patched-up belly #2
6月の日本選手権で福島千里選手が腹部に張っていたシールが何なのか話題になっていましたが、その謎がついに明かされました。
Sprinter Fukushima spills beans over her patched-up belly
Small beige patches on the belly of sprinter Chisato Fukushima caused a stir among spectators when she secured her Rio Olympics spot by breaking her own Japanese record in the women’s 200 meters at the Japan National Championship in June.
The mystery has been solved--they are not nicotine patches, but special plasters that supposedly stimulate acupuncture points.
“It feels good. It feels like I am soaking in a hot spring, and I can feel the range of motion in the joints of my body expand,” said Fukushima, 28.
http://www.asahi.com/sp/ajw/articles/AJ201607150061.html
今回取り上げるのは、“patched-up belly”という表現です。“patch”と聞いて、この記事の主題である「シール、パッチ」や、“patch up”で「修理する、治療する」といった意味が思い浮かんだため、“patched-up belly”で「天然鉱石の磁気シールで治療された腹部」を表すと考えましたが、今回はこれとは異なる意味も含まれています。
“patch up”を『ジーニアス英和辞典』(大修館書店)で調べてみると、上記の意味の他に「〜をまとめあげる」などと記載されていました。したがってこの意味や記事の写真から、腹筋が見事に割れた「鍛え上げられた腹部」も今回の表現に表されています。(ninetails)
bury the hatchet withほか - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
