jettison 復習
US, Russian astronauts safe after emergency landing
BAIKONUR, Kazakhstan (AP) -- Two astronauts from the U.S. and Russia were safe after an emergency landing Thursday in the steppes of Kazakhstan following the failure of a Russian booster rocket carrying them to the International Space Station.
中略
NASA astronaut Nick Hague and Roscosmos' Alexei Ovchinin lifted off as scheduled at 2:40 p.m. (0840 GMT; 4:40 a.m. EDT) Thursday from the Russia-leased Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan atop a Soyuz booster rocket. Roscosmos and NASA said the three-stage Soyuz booster suffered an emergency shutdown of its second stage. The capsule jettisoned from the booster and went into a ballistic descent, landing at a sharper than normal angle.
以下省略
https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20181011/p2g/00m/0in/088000c
今回取り上げるのは、jettison /dʒéṭəsn/ です。文脈から、「離れる」と予測しました。以下で確認していきます。
まず、LDOCEで引いてみると、“to get rid of something or decide not to do something any longer” や、“to throw things away, especially from a moving plane or ship” とありました。『ウィズダム英和辞典』には「〈計画など〉を放棄する、（緊急時に船・飛行機などから）〈搭載機〉を投げ荷する、捨てる」と載っていました。
続いて、ODEで語源を調べてみると、“late Middle English (as a noun denoting the throwing goods overboard to lighten a ship in distress): from Old French getaison, from Latin jactatio(n-), from jactare ‘to throw’ (see JET). The verb dates from the mid 19th cent.” と定義されていました。過去のブログにも取り上げられてます。（Otoyo）
