bycatch
海外から厳しい目で見られ続けている、日本の捕鯨問題についての記事です。かなり批判的に書かれているように思います。
Japan Repeatedly Falsified Whaling Reports
This unrealistic distribution, together with the fact that Japanese fleets were supposedly able to catch 37 times the number of legal-sized females as the Soviet fleet, indicates the catch data was extensively by Japan, according to the researchers.
Even the IOS was often ineffective.
Clapham said that, in theory, having an inspector of a different nationality on a factory ship ruled out cheating. "But we know from Soviet biologists that it didn't entirely; inspectors couldn't be on the processing deck 24 hours a day, and they were sometimes intentionally distracted with 'celebrations' by officers who took them to drink in their cabin when something illegal was about to come aboard."
He added that whaling nations today maintain that the system of inspection proposed, should commercial whaling resume, is adequate.
"Yet it's clear from genetic analysis of what's being sold in the Japanese market that there's stuff there that you can't account for through the whaling we know about," he said. "Much of this is likely local bycatch by fishermen (it is legal in Japan to kill a whale in a net). But Japan and the other whaling countries have adamantly refused to accept a truly independent, third-party monitoring system that includes every step from the catch to the market."
Another problem concerns assessments of current whale populations, which take into account past catch data. If the data are significantly false, as the scientists have just determined, then the assessments themselves will be inaccurate.
（一部抜粋）
今回取り上げる単語は、 bycatchです。
Oxford Dictionary of English (Second Edition Reserved, Oxford University Press)によると、 “by-catch”で “the unwanted fish and other marine creatures trapped by commercial fishing nets during fishing for a different species”とかなり細かく書かれておりました。
『ジーニアス英和辞典』（第五版，大修館）で調べたところ、「外道（目的としていないのに漁網にかかった魚）」と記載されておりました。
以上から雑魚など、特に網漁でかかった不要な生物を指す単語であることが分かりました。
また文中ではbycatchの一文の最後にかっこで “(it is legal in Japan to kill a whale in a net)”と書かれておることから、網に引っ掛かった不要なものを表していることが分かります。
ちなみに「雑魚」は “small fish”や “small fry”というようで、例として “All the strong players only the small fry remained on the team.”のように人に対しての「雑魚」という意味でも使用できるようです。（『ジーニアス和英辞典』第三版，大修館）（Gomez）
