superdialect

NEWSWEEKにあった記事からの引用です。dialectというとa form of a language which is spoken only in one area, with words or grammar that are slightly different from other forms of the same language（LDOCE）とあるように，「ある国や地域で用いられる特定の言語（体系）」を指します。
しかし，記事にあるsuperdialectは国や地域ではなく，「その土地の都市化度合の違いから生じる言語体系」のことを指し，都市部で見られるαと地方で見られるβの2種類があります。記事によればこのsuperdialectが生まれた背景にはTwitterなどのSNSの普及が関係しているようです。だとすれば今後superdialectという表現は使用の機会が増えることが予想されます。（Koyamamoto）

Using Twitter, Linguists Find Global ‘Superdialects’
In an attempt to map Spanish dialects on a global scale, linguistics researchers Bruno Gonçalves and David Sánchez analyzed more than 50 million geotagged tweets, looking at certain words which vary from dialect to dialect. The word for sandwich, for instance, can be bocadillo, bocadito, bocata, emparedado, sandwich, sangüis, sangüich, or sanwich, depending on the dialect.
They found “the existence of well defined macroregions sharing common lexical properties” — in other words, people from South America generally speak a different Spanish than those from Central America or Spain. No surprise there. But they also discovered something that did surprise them: in addition to well-known regional dialects of Spanish, there exist two global “superdialects,” as the researchers dubbed them.
The first superdialect — Superdialect α — “is utilized by speakers in main American and Spanish cities and corresponds to an international variety with a strongly urban component,” while the second superdialect — Superdialect β — is spoken mostly in “rural areas and small towns.”
http://www.newsweek.com/linguists-find-superdialects-twitter-263622