enmity 復習

　RAFAH, Gaza Strip ― Three brothers from this dusty Gaza border town paid smugglers to spirit them through underground tunnels across the border into Egypt.
　There they joined the Sinai affiliate of the Islamic State, which is battling the Egyptian Army in the Sinai Desert.
　One brother was killed about 18 months ago, at the age of 20. Last week the eldest, Hamza al-Zamli, 25, showed up in a shocking video, railing against Hamas, the Islamic group that dominates Gaza, and describing its fighters as “apostates.” ...
　The video exposed new levels of enmity between Hamas and the Sinai branch of the Islamic State, injecting another layer of instability into an already volatile region. And it has roiled Gaza, prompting two families whose sons are shown in the video to disown them. (Skip the rest)

https://mobile.nytimes.com/2018/01/10/world/middleeast/isis-hamas-sinai.html

　今回取り上げる語は、enmity /énməṭi/ です。
　まず意味を確認します。『ジーニアス英和辞典』(大修館)をみると、「[...に対する] 敵意、悪意、憎しみ」とあります。また、LDOCEには、”a feeling of hatred towards someone” と定義されています。ここでいう “someone“ は「敵意」を向ける相手ということから “enemy” になります。
　次に語源を確認します。enmity の語源をOEDでみると、”Middle English: from Old French enemi(s)tie, based on Latin inimicus (see enemy).” とあるので、enemy の語源を同時にみると、”Middle English: from Old French enemi, from Latin inimicus, from in- ‘not’ + amicus ‘friend’.” となっていました。両者の深い関係性が見えてきます。
　最後に類語を確認します。『ジーニアス英和辞典』(大修館)をみてみると、hostility が挙げられていました。これをOEDで確認すると、”Hostile behaviour; unfriendliness or opposition.” とあり、enmity は「感情面」で hostility は「行動面」までを指すと言えます。(OkaUchi)