intifada 復習

　At least 16 Palestinians have been wounded in clashes in the occupied West Bank, during protests against US President Donald Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital.
　Reports suggest the injuries are mostly from tear gas and rubber bullets, but at least one was hurt by live fire.
　Israel has deployed hundreds of extra troops in the West Bank.
　Mr Trump's announcement - met with worldwide dismay - reversed decades of US policy on the sensitive issue.
　Palestinians in the both the West Bank and the Gaza Strip have gone on strike and taken to the streets in protest. …
　Many of Washington's closest allies have said they disagree with the move, and both the UN Security Council and the Arab League will meet in the coming days to decide their response.
　There are fears the announcement could lead to a renewed outbreak of violence. The Palestinian Islamist group Hamas has already called for a new intifada, or uprising. (Skip the rest)

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42265337

　今回取り上げる語は、intifada /ìnṭɪfάːdə/ です。トランプ大統領が公約の通り、エルサレムをイスラエルの首都と認めました。イスラエルとパレスチナの和平交渉は今後難しくなると予想されています。
　まず意味を確認します。日本の報道を見ると、これは「民衆蜂起」と述べられていました。LDOCEをみると、“the Palestinian rebellion that started in1987 as a protest against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip” とあります。
　次に語源を確認します。Oxford Dictionary of English (2nd Edition Revised) をみると、“from Arabic intifāda ‘an uprising’, from intifada ‘be shaken, shake oneself’ ”とあります。uprising は「反乱」の意味を持ち、shake は今回、「動揺させる、不安定にさせる」といったところでしょう。
　記事の終盤で「トランプ大統領の宣言により、新たに暴動が起こるかもしれない。パレスチナ側のイスラム教徒の Hamas は、新たな民衆蜂起や反乱を呼びかけている」とあるように、すでに一触触発の状態です。今後、トランプ大統領がどう動くか、また日本への影響がどう出るか、注意して見ていく必要があります。(OkaUchi)