常時英心:言葉の森から 1.0

約10年間,はてなダイアリーで英語表現の落穂拾いを行ってきました。現在はAmeba Blogに2.0を開設し,継続中です。こちらはしばらくアーカイブとして維持します。

medical exemption 復習


世界アンチ・ドーピング機関は、ロシアからハッキングを受けており、アメリカの体操選手でリオ五輪金メダリストのバイルズ選手や同じくアメリカのテニス選手であるウィリアムズ姉妹などがその標的となっています。

Simone Biles and Williams Sisters Latest Target of Russian Hackers
Russian hackers — possibly the same group that compromised the Democratic National Committee’s computer servers — have made top American athletes their latest target.

Joining an intercontinental dispute over sports doping, the hackers penetrated the World Anti-Doping Agency’s athlete database and publicly revealed private medical information about three of the United States’ most famous athletes: Serena Williams, Venus Williams and Simone Biles.

The hackers published documents this week showing that Ms. Biles, who won four gold medals in gymnastics at the Rio Olympics last month, and the Williams sisters received medical exemptions to use banned drugs.

The antidoping agency confirmed the authenticity of the documents in a statementTuesday, attributing the hack to Fancy Bear, a Russian cyberespionage group that forensics specialists have tied to breaches against government agencies, nonprofit organizations and corporations. That group is believed to be associated with G.R.U., the Russian military intelligence agency suspected of involvement in the recent theft of emails and documents from the D.N.C.

“These criminal acts are greatly compromising the effort by the global antidoping community to re-establish trust in Russia,” WADA’s director general, Olivier Niggli, said Tuesday, referring to revelations of elaborate government-ordered doping by Russia that prompted more than 100 of the country’s athletes to be barred from the Rio Games.

The hackers wrote on their website that the United States had “played well but not fair” in Rio de Janeiro, and the medical documents were hailed in Russia on Tuesday as evidence of both widespread doping among American athletes and the double standards of global antidoping regulators.

Dmitry Peskov, spokesman for President Vladimir V. Putin, said that the Kremlin was not involved in the hacks. “It’s simply ruled out,” Mr. Peskov said.

Russia has gone to to great lengths to maintain plausible deniability in matters of espionage. The Kremlin often delegates high-profile political attacks to third parties, such as in the case of a 2007 attack on Estonia, according to one classified American intelligence estimate.

On their website, the hackers claimed to be both members of Anonymous, the global hacking collective, and Fancy Bear, which typically works in extreme stealth and takes great measures to cover its tracks. Those two groups have not been aligned before.

http://mobile.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/sports/simone-biles-serena-venus-williams-russian-hackers-doping.html

取り上げる表現は"medical exemption"です。

LDOCEで調べてみると、"an amount of money that you do not have to pay tax on"や
"permission not to do or pay something that you would normally have to do or pay"という意味があり、『ジーニアス英和辞典』第4版(大修館)では「(義務、支払いなどの)免除(する、されること)」や「(課税多少からの)控除(額)」とありました。

ここでは「医療免除」となるので、「ハッカー達は、バイルズ選手とウィリアムズ姉妹が、違法ドラッグを使うための医療免除を受けたことを示すドキュメントを公開した」となります。(Akim)

exemption - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心:言葉の森から